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ADHD Treatment Medication Stimulants are the most commonly prescribed medication for ADHD and can boost and balance levels of brain chemicals. However, they cannot cure the condition and will only aid in managing symptoms so long as they're taken regularly. The side effects of ADHD medication could include a change in blood pressure and heart rate, upset stomach as well as anxiety and tics. adhd medication list and children who take stimulant medications experience a minor reduction in their growth rate. Methylphenidate Methylphenidate is a stimulant for the central nervous system and the most commonly prescribed drug to treat ADHD. It comes in a variety forms, including a chewable tablet, a liquid as well as a long-acting oral disintegrating tablet, and an extended-release pill. The drug works by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which help to enhance focus. It may also reduce the symptoms of anxiety and depression. Methylphenidate is an effective treatment for ADHD in combination with other treatments, including behavioural therapy. Methylphenidate blocks the transporters that eliminate these neurotransmitters naturally from the brain. The drug can cause a slight increase in heart rate or blood pressure. People who suffer from diabetes should be on guard when taking this medication because it can cause rapid increases in blood sugar. Consult your physician when you notice any of these signs. Methylphenidate may also trigger a condition called Raynaud's phenomenon that causes numbness as well as pain in the fingers and toes. This is a rare but serious side result. It is essential to inform your doctor in the event that these symptoms occur. Some people are concerned that methylphenidate could slow children's growth. However, this has not been proved. If you have a child who is being treated with methylphenidate, ensure that you monitor the child's weight and height carefully. If your child is on chewable tablets of methylphenidate is a phenylalanine-based tablet, which is potentially dangerous for children who have the genetic disorder phenylketonuria (PKU). Ask your doctor about a different methylphenidate formula if you have PKU. Stimulants are the most popular medication for treating ADHD however, some people have trouble with them. In these instances, doctors might prescribe a different medication that functions in a similar manner. In addition to methylphenidate, there are other stimulants, such as dexamfetamine and the lisdexamfetamine. These drugs can last for longer and are stronger than methylphenidate. These drugs are typically taken at least three times a day however some individuals may be able to take them more frequently. There are also psychological treatments for ADHD however, they are less effective than stimulants. Atomoxetine Atomoxetine is also called Strattera and is a nonstimulant ADHD medication that improves concentration, while decreasing hyperactivity and impulsiveness. It belongs to a class known as selective norepinephrine-reuptake inhibitors. It is a drug that increases levels of norepinephrine and dopamine two chemical messengers that control the brain activity. It is a favorite option for adults and children who want a different type of medication than stimulants like Adderall and Vyvanse. It is important to remember that atomoxetine does not work immediately, and it may take up to 6 weeks for the effects of the medication to be evident. There are also adverse effects like nausea and drowsiness. However the benefits of atomoxetine surpass the risks for many patients. In a double-blind placebo-controlled study of 297 ADHD patients aged 12 to 18 years old, the efficacy of atomoxetine has been confirmed. The participants were randomized to receive atomoxetine, a daily dose of 0.6 mg per kilogram or 1.2 mg/kg or a placebo for 9 weeks. Both the atomoxetine and the placebo group experienced a decrease in the symptoms of depression. The treatment group with atomoxetine showed more improvement in ADHD symptoms than the placebo group. The improvement was sporadic. In a second open study, 10 ADHD patients who were not responding to stimulants received the treatment of atomoxetine for eight weeks. The atomoxetine treatment group showed improvement in ADHD symptoms when compared to placebo, with scores on Conners Adult ADHD Scale Investigator Screening version rated and the Clinical Global Impression of Severity scales increasing significantly. One patient was unable to continue treatment due to an outbreak of skin rash. Three patients reported transient gastrointestinal disturbances and one patient reported fatigue that was more severe (Kratochvil and colleagues, 2005). Before beginning treatment with atomoxetine, talk to your doctor about your health history and any other supplements or medications that you're taking. This includes herbal remedies as well as over-the-counter medicines. It is especially important to tell your doctor if you suffer from narrow-angle glaucoma, a thyroid tumor or adrenal gland tumor or high blood pressure, heart disease, or an unusually sudden death. You should also avoid atomoxetine if you have taken an MAO inhibitor, such as isocarboxazid, linezolid, methylene blue injection rasagiline, phenelzine or tranylcypromine in the last 14 days. Bupropion Bupropion is a nonstimulant that can aid in reducing symptoms of ADHD. It can also reduce impulsivity and boost concentration, but it doesn't affect the brain in the same way as stimulants. Only prescriptions are approved. Your doctor will determine the most effective dosage for you. Bupropion is available as tablets and capsules. It is important to take the medication exactly as prescribed. There are withdrawal symptoms that can occur in the event that you stop abruptly. The usual dosage is two or three doses daily separated by four to six hours. The dose can vary between 100mg and three times per day to 150mg three or four times every day. The drug is absorbed in the digestive tract and is excreted in urine, meaning it can't enter breast milk. It can, however, be absorbed into the bloodstream and cause harm to other organs. Bupropion can raise blood pressure, making it vital to monitor it regularly. In addition to improving the symptoms of ADHD Bupropion can also reduce depression. It also helps treat bipolar disorder. It is accomplished by blocking dopamine receptors inside your brain. This blocks the neurotransmitter dopamine from entering your brain, which can help stabilize your mood. Bupropion may interact with other medications. Inform your doctor if you are taking any other medication. It's essential to let your doctor know that you suffer from any allergies. You should also stay clear of caffeine and other stimulants, as they could make the adverse effects worse. Numerous studies have compared bupropion with placebos in adults with ADHD. The results of these studies were mixed, and the majority of them were not conducted properly. Many of these studies did not include patients with psychiatric co-morbidity. The research suggests that bupropion can have a small effect on ADHD. Further research is needed to determine the positive effects for patients, such as an improvement in quality of living. Before effective treatments can be created, it is necessary to understand the underlying causes of the molecular causes of ADHD. This requires a deeper understanding of the connection between molecular pathways. It's also important to understand the way that anti-ADHD medications work in combination with psychotherapy. Tricyclic antidepressants Antidepressants are often prescribed by doctors when stimulants prescribed for children with ADHD do not work or cause side negative effects. These drugs, like imipramine and Nortriptyline (Aventyl and Pamelor) are able to increase the neurotransmitters dopamine as well as norepinephrine in the brain, which aids in helping people to focus. These older drugs may cause severe side effects. They are generally only employed when other drugs do not work. The first choice of antidepressants for depression is usually a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) such as fluoxetine, sertraline, citalopram and escitalopram. Tricyclic antidepressants are still used in some cases despite their long-standing history. They are effective in treating neuropathic and other pains however their antidepressant effect is not the same. They increase the potency of noradrenephrine by reducing its reuptake, and also act as descending modulators of pain pathways within the spinal cord. SSRIs are less toxic and have less side effects than tricyclic antidepressants. They are also less harmful during pregnancy and do not appear to be teratogenic for animals or humans. But they can have significant withdrawal symptoms if they are stopped abruptly. Your doctor might suggest gradually lowering the dose over several weeks to minimize these effects. Although it isn't officially recognized by the FDA as a treatment for adhd bupropion is commonly prescribed antidepressant that is off-label for ADHD. It's believed to increase the neurotransmitters norepinephrine, dopamine and acetylcholine that are found in the brain to improve concentration. It also has been proven to reduce anxiety, and it can be utilized in conjunction with stimulants to achieve more rapid and sustained results. There are no FDA-approved nonstimulant ADHD medication, however many people experience relief from herbal remedies and dietary supplements. A diet that is low in fat and sugar may aid in reducing ADHD symptoms. Similarly, eliminating caffeine may be beneficial for certain people. Tell your doctor all medicines you or your child are taking as well as herbal remedies and prescription medications. This will help prevent interactions and reduce the risk of unwanted adverse effects. ADHD medications can affect every person differently, which is why it's often a process of trial and error to discover the right drug and dosage for your child or you.